TSMA Yearbook 2018

72 2018 Yearbook Iansiti and Levien (2004a, b) describe business ecosystem as a group connecting companies which create and share values together. Compared with Moore’s definition, the scope as defined is rather narrow. The later researchers mostly adopt the definition of Iansiti and Levien (2004a, b). Regarding to the definition of ecosystem, the relevant documents discuss and induct all the definitions of innovation ecosystem, regional innovation ecosystem, business ecosystem, digital business ecosystem and platform economy ecosystem. Among them, local innovation ecosystem and regional innovation ecosystem both emphasize to begin with regional resource and advantages as well as innate genes. Business ecosystem, digital business ecosystem and platform economy ecosystem points out the influences of the external environment. All different ecosystem have their strategic concepts and driven-in elements. The details are listed as follows: Type Local Innovation Ecosystem Regional Innovation Ecosystem Business Ecosystem Digital Business Ecosystem Platform Economy Ecosystem Scholars Se-hwa Chen, 2009 Adner, 2006; Wessner,2007; Yawson, 2009 Iansiti & Levien 2004; Moore, 1993 Nachira, 2002 Wei-ru Chen, 2016 Main Concept In combination with local nature, culture, history and society, etc. so as to spotlight local features Its basic concept originates from nation innovation ecosystem in emphasis of regional characteristics so as to evolve diverse innovation modes. A group of connecting enterprises to co-create and share values with emphasis on cross-field integration and making broad effects. Business ecosystem, based on ICT, highlights on ICT technology and society, knowledge internet connections so as to create open innovations. The linear industrial supply chains evolve into diverse circular ecosystem structure, marketing orientation and customer orientation.