TSMA Yearbook 2019

41 Taiwan Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association Income and Middle Class The OECD (Organization for Economy Coopera- tion and Development) forecasts the middle class worldwide will increase from 2B in 2010 to 5B in 2030. Asia will be the biggest increase (+ 83.7%), Middle East / Africa ( + 59.8%), and Latin America (+ 22.2%). The greater economic availability of fami- lies will allow children to get closer to sport easier. Health behavior and Lifestyle - Physical activity Young people’s physical activity levels are crit- ical to their overall health. Current guidelines for children and young people recommend at least one hour of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day. Overall survey years are taken together, 23.1% of boys and 14.0% of girls reported at least 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. Gender differences were significant in most countries across all age groups. A significantly higher frequency of daily activ- ity was found among adolescents aged 11 years (23.2%) than those aged 15 years (14.0%). Adolescents from affluent families meet activity guidelines more often than adolescents from less well-off families (19.8% vs. 16.3%). - Nutrition and obesity Adolescent nutrition is an area of increasing con- cern because of obesity. One of the consequences of poor nutrition is obesity. The latest study pub- lished by the WHO analyzed weight and height of nearly 130 million people, including 31.5 million children aged 5-19 years old. The number of obese children and adolescents rose from 11 million in 1975 to 124 million in 2016 – a tenfold increase. An additional 216 million children were overweight. Childhood obesity rates appear to be plateauing but at a very high level in high-income countries. The areas of the world with some of the largest increase in the number of obese children and ad- olescents were in East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. The rise in childhood obesity rates has recently accelerated, especially in Asia. Having a positive body image during adoles- cence relates to good self-efficacy and overall life satisfaction. - Smoking, drinking and drug use These attitudes, the shorter-term, have negative effects such as respiratory illness and impact on physical fitness. Where 6% of boys and 8% of girls aged 11-15 re- ported being current smokers. 11% of girls and 9% of boys had drunk alcohol in the last week. The proportion increased with age, from 1% of 11-year-olds to 24% of 15-year-olds. Girls and boys were equally likely to have taken drugs in the last year: 18%. Moreover, having taken drugs in the last year increased with age, from 7%