TSMA Yearbook 2018

92 2018 Yearbook as recycling second-hand products or materials. For examples, H&M recycles old clothes; the project of Wear2 is to recycle work clothes and TAAZE’s platform is to store and sell old books. All these examples apply the concept of lease, share and resell to enhance the usage of products. In other words, products is a way of service. Another example is that Mud Jean, a Dutch brand, keeps the product ownership, and provide the services of lease, recycle, and re- produce so as to increase the control level of organic cotton material. 4. Data as-a-Service: In the digital era, the data information is everywhere. How to use data to exchange and to share to integrate information and to add values is data development, that is, the business mode of Data as-a-Service. All kinds of business applications and commerce values can be created by big data. This is the direction which Data as-a-Service move towards. The success of Platform as-a-Business platform mainly relies on big data in the clouds for analyzing user behavior, environment perception, inspection trace, etc. as a basis to improve the current service or to create new service. Even it can work with the third share platform which provides big data or sales statistics. Apart from collecting information, the value- added application service is being developed. For example, Factual, based on the geographical data as the core value, provides customized information service. Besides, Acxiom and IBM cooperate with each other and provide the service of customer behavior. Kaggle based on multiple computing technologies to construct all sorts of prediction models as well as a great number of video programs and data applications on the Chinese pay-for-knowledge platform. The future developing directions are A.I. enable information process and analysis, IoT equipment, data management etc.